Lub cev thiab tshuaj muaj zog ntawm hydrofluoric acid

Lub cev muaj zog
Commercial li ib txwm concentration: loj feem ntawm solute 40 feem pua, qib industrial; Pawg tau qhab nia 40 feem pua, qib hluav taws xob. Nws yog ib qho tshuaj lom lom heev. Qhov ceev tshaj plaws yog 1.18g / cm3.
Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm qhov loj feem ntawm HF tov, tus nqi corrosion ntawm HF ntawm cov hlau ua ntej nce thiab tom qab ntawd txo qis.
Cov cuab yeej tshuaj
Thaum cov concentration tsawg, nws tsis muaj zog acidic vim yog tsim ntawm hydrogen bonds, tab sis thaum nws yog concentrated (ntau tshaj 5mol / L), nws tus kheej-ionization yuav tshwm sim, thiab hydrofluoric acid yog acidic acid heev.
Cov kua hydrogen fluoride yog cov kua qaub heev, cov kua qaub zoo ib yam li cov kua qaub sulfuric acid, tab sis tsis muaj zog dua li fluorosulfonic acid. Muaj zog corrosion, kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov hniav thiab pob txha. High corrosive rau silicon tebchaw. Khaws rau hauv lub raj mis yas airtight.
Nws tau txais nrog HF (hydrogen fluoride) yaj hauv dej. Nws yog siv rau engraving iav, tu residual xuab zeb ntawm castings, tswj fermentation, electropolishing thiab tu corroded semiconductor wafers (mixed acid nrog HNO3). Vim tias hydrogen atoms thiab fluorine atoms muaj peev xwm sib txuas, hydrofluoric acid tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav ionize hauv dej.
Hydrofluoric acid tuaj yeem yaj ntau lwm cov kua qaub tsis tuaj yeem yaj iav (lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: silica), qhov tsim ntawm gaseous silicon tetrafluoride cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib npaug yog raws li hauv qab no:
SiO2(s) plus 4HF(aq)=SiF4(g)↑ plus 2H2O(l)
Qhov tshwm sim SiF4 tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv cuam tshuam nrog HF ntau dhau los tsim cov fluorosilicic acid:
SiF4(g) plus 2HF(aq)=H2[SiF6](aq), fluorosilicic acid yog ib tug muaj zog binary acid.
Vim li no, nws yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau hauv cov yas (zoo tagnrho hauv cov thawv teflon), siv quav ciab lossis cov thawv txhuas. Hydrofluoric acid tsis txo qis. Yog tias nws yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev, tsis yog tsuas yog xav tau lub thawv ntim khoom nkaus xwb, tab sis huab cua hauv lub thawv yuav tsum tau ntws tawm kom ntau li ntau tau.