Txhais ntawm Organic Chemicals

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm "organic matter" yog cov khoom siv los ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob, vim tias qhov kev tshawb pom ntxov ntawm cov khoom organic yog cais tawm ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov organic synthesis, ntau cov organic tebchaw tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj inorganic hauv chav kuaj. Lo lus "organic" tau poob nws lub ntsiab lus qub.
IUPAC Nomenclature Principles for Organic Chemistry xeev: "Rau lub hom phiaj nomenclature, ib qho qauv uas muaj tsawg kawg yog ib qho carbon atom thiab tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus los ntawm cov pab pawg 1-12 (tshwj tsis yog hydrogen) uas tuaj yeem muaj npe raws li cov ntsiab lus hais hauv phau ntawv no yuav tsum suav hais tias yog organic. "
Organic teeb meem yog cov khoom siv hauv lub neej. Inorganic tebchaw yog feem ntau cov tebchaw uas tsis muaj carbon; Txawm li cas los xij, qee lub tebchaw uas muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon, xws li carbon dioxide, carborane, thiab lwm yam, muaj nyob rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm inorganic chemistry, yog li cov tshuaj no kuj yog cov tshuaj inorganic.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov pa roj carbon, cov organic tebchaw kuj tseem muaj cov khoom xws li hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, phosphorus, thiab sulfur. Cov pa roj carbon monoxide tseem ua lub luag haujlwm yuav luag tsis hloov pauv hauv inorganic chemistry, uas cov hlau carbonyl atomic pawg nyob ib nrab ntawm cov inorganic chemistry niaj hnub no. Yog li ntawd, cov organic tebchaw yog tag nrho cov carbon compounds, tab sis carbon compounds tsis tas cov organic tebchaw.
Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws cov organic compound yog methane (CH4), uas yog dav faib nyob rau hauv cov xwm thiab yog lub ntsiab feem ntawm natural gas, biogas, thee mine tunnel gas, thiab lwm yam, feem ntau hu ua roj, thiab kuj yog cov hydrocarbon nrog cov pa roj carbon tsawg tshaj plaws. (cov ntsiab lus hydrogen loj tshaj plaws). Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua roj thiab cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov hydrogen (H2), carbon dub (C), carbon monoxide (CO), acetylene (C2H2), hydrocyanic acid (HCN) thiab formaldehyde (HCHO).